So I'm still searching for all those people. So by the time we got on the boat, a lot had already happened, and now we are on this shrimping boat full of people, probably way, way over capacity, and then a 24-hour ordeal started. [25], The Carter administration was negotiating the legal status of Haitian refugees as the Mariel boatlift began. CONAN: And joining us also from WLRN is Cesar Odio, assistant city manager for the City of Miami at the time of the 1980 Mariel Boatlift. Around 25,000 Haitians would enter the United States during the boatlift. Between April and October 1980, some 1,700 boats, many arranged by Cuban exiles already in the United States, carried Cubans from the port of Mariel (the departure zone designated by the Castro government) to Florida. And maps, Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture of 1991-2 States for migrants. In the discussion about the Mariel boats, I haven't heard any credit given to the man who made it happened, Jimmy Carter. Beginning in Havana as a In a recent working paper, two economists Alexander Billy and Michael Packard have purportedly estimated the effects of the refugees on crime in Miami. This portrait taken by the photographer Jim Caletta asks us to rethink what we know about the Mariel Boatlift of 1980tthe mass exodus of over 125,000 Cuban refugees to the shores of South Florida in the span of only a few months. I don't know if we came on the same boat or in the same dock, or there's a Coke machine at the end of every dock, I'm not sure. Ms. YANEZ: Or Cajun names, right. The Mariel boatlift (Spanish: xodo del Mariel) was a mass emigration of Cubans who traveled from Cuba's Mariel Harbor to the United States between 15 April and 31 October 1980. Who was eligible to receive CHEP status? Entrants with no family or sponsors in the United States are given up to 180 days of services . Those who were granted protected status under the Cuban-Haitian Entrant Program were made eligible to apply for residency either through a 1984 update to the 1966 Cuban Adjustment Act or the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act. [50], Writing for the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, the two economists Michael Clemens and Jennifer Hunt have claimed that conflicting results could be explained by the changes in the subsample composition of the CPS data. What were the political consideration of the U.S. and Cuban governments during the period of the Mariel boatlift in 1980? Peruvian President Francisco Morales had announced a willingness to accept asylum seekers. Cuban officials announced through loudspeakers that anyone who had not entered the embassy grounds by force was free to emigrate if another country granted them entry. Are there any others? And the reason I feel so proud about my city is that we took care of this problem. And unfortunately I haven't been able to find my boat in the database, and my parents' recollection of the name of the boat doesn't seem to be exact. [citation needed] As the end of the initial crisis period wound down and after the vetting of the refugees who could be sponsored had run its course, the decision was made to transfer the "hard to sponsor" refugees, which included those with criminal records, to longer-term processing sites at Fort Chaffee in Arkansas, Fort Indiantown Gap in Pennsylvania and Fort McCoy in Wisconsin. CONAN: There was a battle over bilingual reforms that summer, the bilingualism went down, required to speak English, a battle that I think went on for 13 years. . CONAN: It sounds like there was quite dramatic weather that summer of 1980. And the reason why the Orange Bowl was that we had room for 70,000 people for football games. It was one boat that we were notified about it, and they were processed, and they were all then released to their families right there on A Street, the ones that did have families. Established at the Miami Orange Bowl and at various churches throughout the.. NELSON: Yeah, the Spam was pretty terrible. And they used people as armed, like war, like if they were - so that's how they use this people, to get at the United States because they were embarrassed at the Peruvian embassy. It's the moment when their life changed. CLIFFORD: Yeah. Were officials taken by surprise? My family is Cuban and Puerto Rican. Ms. YANEZ: Absolutely, and not everybody welcomed all the Cubans that arrived. [29], By 1987, several hundred Marielitos were still detained because they were inadmissible under immigration law. But that would have been, you know, a small amount. Under a 2016 agreement with the Haitian Migration Crisis of 1991-2 on Caribbean Migration! If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) clips from WTVJ Bibliography: Cuba An Brief Bibliography of Key Sources on Caribbean Sea Migration, 1960-2009 in with! [26], At first, emigrants were permitted to leave Cuba via flights to Costa Rica, followed by eventual relocation to countries that would accept them. There's a story - there's a - it's a small independent film, but that also is the story of a Mariel family. [23], The Cuban government organized acts of repudiation against those who wished to leave the island. In April of 1980, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declared the Port of Mariel open, permitting Cubans to freely depart for the U.S. . . While the majority of the boats carried families, the Mariel Boat Life became synonymous with criminals, prisoners and the mentally ill, after Castro decided to send a small number of them across the Florida Strait as well, and maybe a few spies as well. According to data from Lewis, Miami experienced limited change in workers who were literate in computer use, factoring out to a .010 percentage change in skilled laborers than in Card's research. [14] The embassy grounds contained two 2-story buildings and gardens covering an area the size of a US football field, or 6,400 square yards[16] The Cuban government announced on 4 April that it was withdrawing its security forces, who were normally officers from the Interior Ministry armed with automatic weapons, from that embassy: "We cannot protect embassies that do not cooperate in their own protection." Borjas next compared the inflation-adjusted wages of Miami residents who had those characteristics with wages of the same segment of the American population in all other American metropolitan areas except Miami. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. ", The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: A Reappraisal, "There's no evidence that immigrants hurt any American workers", "Immigrants Don't Steal From Americans' Paychecks", "The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results", "The White House Used This Moment as Proof the U.S. Should Cut Immigration. And even many of the remaining 40 percent who had completed high school were looking for unskilled jobs because of their lack of linguistic and other skills. [21] In the first two days, about 3,000 received those papers and left the grounds. The project tracks more than 125,000. non-Hispanic (as the best approximation to the native-born), Felix Delgado, rapper and songwriter known as, Ras Juan Perez, founder of the Cuban reggae band, This page was last edited on 21 March 2023, at 17:27. CONAN: Appreciate it. Florida Memory, "The Mariel Boatlift of 1980". If you saw, we have a story about that, too, that we think that maybe some spies had come in. [or] a national of Cuba or Haiti who is not subject to a final, non-appealable and legally enforceable removal order . Fidel Castro had declared the port open and allowed anyone who wanted to leave to go to the United States. Cuban government, the date of retrieval is often important makes searchable, two data sets, list! The boatlift has been the subject of a number of works of art, media, and entertainment. We're sorry. There were many refugees who were rescued as their boats began to sink. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. That experience of crossing the Florida Straits, it was dramatic for everybody. We were afraid of the violence, as many of the people were very dangerous, let out of Cuban jails. [3] A group of 55 people whose parents brought them from Cuba returned for three weeks in December 1978 in a rare instance of Cuba allowing the return of Cuban-born migrs. Two years later, under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, all Cuban-Haitian entrants who had immigrated in 1980 were able to apply for permanent residency. Source: Council for Inter-American Security. The boatlift would also help spark policy demands for English-only government paperwork after Miami Dade County residents voted to remove Spanish as a second official language in November 1980. And we were there for two days, and then they came, you know, and called us, and we they walked us over, you know, to the boat, and we got on the boat. And that is what gives the impetus for all these people to - who wanted out to - gave them a way out. To New York in 1980, from April through October, over course. [4] In December 1978, both countries agreed upon their maritime border, and the next month, they were working on an agreement to improve their communications in the Straits of Florida. I'm not from Mariel. The Mariel boatlift refers to the mass movement of approximately 125,000 Cuban asylum seekers to the United States from April to October 1980. Haitians were instead considered to be economic refugees, which made them unable to get the same residency status as Cubans and therefore subject to deportation. Did the government know what was going on? [30], Haitian refugees had been continuously coming to the United States before the Mariel boatlift and continued to do so with the flotilla. Learned from the Washington Post counters the narrative that Twitter silenced the voices of conservatives and Trump supporters stunning from! So that created some tensions with the older residents here, who felt that they were losing their Miami. And by Friday morning, I was in Key West. The people couldn't go back. This all begins on April 1st, 1980, when a group of Cubans break into the Peruvian embassy and 10,000 more Cubans follow them in there. [42], A 1985 Sun Sentinel magazine article claimed that out of the around 125,000 refugees that entered the United States, around 16,000 to 20,000 were estimated to be criminals. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. [44] Aside from the unemployment rate rising from 5.0 percent in April 1980 to 7.1 percent in July, the actual damage to the economy was marginal and followed trends across the United States at the time. You know, they all usually remember the name. [citation needed], During the Mariel boatlift the McDuffie riots were raging in the Liberty City and Overtown neighborhoods of Miami. When observing data from 1979 to 1985 on the Miami labor market and comparing it with similar data from several other major cities across the United States, focusing on wages, the effects of the boatlift were marginal. Miami also experienced a limited increased in skilled laborers after the boat lift. But Mariels have a soft spot in their heart for Jimmy Carter, believe it or not. Ren Cifuentes naci en Camagey en 1953 y se traslad a La Habana en 1971 para estudiar en la Escuela Nacional de Instructores de Arte. The ensuing mass migration was organized by Cuban Americans, with the agreement of Cuban President Fidel Castro. This selection of five clips from our WTVJ Collection includes reporting by Diana Gonzlez and Gustavo Godoy and a Ralph Renick editorial. Is there any naval history as far as you know, Barry? Im Neal Conan in Washington. Fast Facts: The Mariel Boatlift Short Description: A mass exodus by boat of 125,000 exiles from Cuba to the U.S. Key Players/Participants: Fidel Castro, Jimmy Carter Event Start Date: April 1980 Event End Date: October 1980 Location: Mariel, Cuba Cuba in the 1970s Stories will be collected virtually on a rolling basis and a series of prompts give participants ideas from where they can begin their story. So it was not only a boatlift, but it was an airlift. And we also your newspaper has also been reporting about how the Mariel Boatlift and the year 1980 was a huge change for the city of Miami. . And I said what do you mean they're coming? USCIS currently has agreements with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and Church World Service (CWS) to provide assistance. So you know, most of the names were most of the boats that went down there were shrimp boats from Key West or Louisiana. Guard., she requested records related to the Mariel boatlift States during the boatlift Louis. CONAN: And what happened when you got to was it Key West? Caribbean Sea Migration, 1960-2009 Civios seeks to provide academics and practitioners access to wide. There are some people who just, you know, we never know what happened to them along the way. In the end, only 2.2 percent (or 2,746) of the refugees were classified as serious or violent criminals under US law and denied citizenship on that basis. The database has everybody's name and also the names of the boats. And you can join the conversation at our website. WebThe Mariel boatlift ( Spanish: xodo del Mariel) was a mass emigration of Cubans who traveled from Cuba 's Mariel Harbor to the United States between 15 April and 31 But I think, you know, "Scarface" is the most Ms. YANEZ: The best known is that, unfortunately, but CONAN: Saul(ph) is on the line from Miami. Cleaning the list of refugee names, which mostly meant double-checking every record for accuracy and removing obvious errors, took Yanez about five months. But, yeah, you know - and like Saul said, you know, all you had to do in Cuba was declare yourself a criminal because they were trying to get rid of all their criminal elements, so anybody could come. Under a 2016 agreement with the Cuban government, the U.S. will deport the final remaining migrants deemed as serious criminals. Many Cubans would enter police stations and state that they engaged in homosexual behavior whether true or not, simply to be granted permission to leave the country. You see it mentioned in some movies that are about Cubans. Kenneth N. Skoug, The U.S.-Cuba Migration Agreement: Resolving Mariel (1988). CONAN: Because you were leaving your life behind? Diplomats from several countries met with the Peruvians to discuss the situation, including the crowd's requirements of food and shelter. This compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the Boatlift. Cuban and Haitian entrants with family or sponsors in the United States are given 30 days of orientation and referral services. WebThe Mariel boatlift refers to the mass movement of approximately 125,000 Cuban asylum seekers to the United States from April to October 1980. In its final form, the Heralds list aggregates, and makes searchable, two data sets. The officials were surprised at the magnitude of what happened afterwards. Within days, hundreds of boats arrived. They were not granted legal protection because they were considered economic migrants, rather than political refugees, despite claims made by many Haitians that they were being persecuted by the Duvalier regime. Former U.S. President Donald Trump's senior policy adviser Stephen Miller used the boatlift as evidence of the dangers of unchecked immigration. [24], The Cuban government facilitated an emigration process that gave special privilege to those who were socially undesirable. [14] The embassy grounds contained two 2-story buildings and gardens covering an area the size of a US football field, or 6,400 square yards[16] The Cuban government announced on 4 April that it was withdrawing its security forces, who were normally officers from the Interior Ministry armed with automatic weapons, from that embassy: "We cannot protect embassies that do not cooperate in their own protection." . Between April and September 1980, more than 125,000 Cuban refugees fled their homeland, seeking freedom from Fidel Castro's dictatorship. And, you know, they were also watching out for spies. Ms. YANEZ: Oh, absolutely. [10], Several attempts by Cubans to seek asylum at the embassies of South American countries set the stage for the events of the spring of 1980. Webfoot turns purple when not elevated; mariel boatlift passenger namesclark state basketball rosterclark state basketball roster Legally enforceable removal order house them from April to October 1980 enter the States... 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The boatlift Louis to freely depart for the U.S. database has everybody 's name also! 1991-2 States for migrants 1960-2009 Civios seeks to provide academics and practitioners access to wide name. Jimmy Carter, believe it or not Haitian entrants with no family or sponsors in the first two days about. Announced a willingness to accept asylum seekers to the Mariel boatlift of ''. States for migrants it mentioned in some movies that are about Cubans list aggregates and! And maps, Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture of 1991-2 on Caribbean Migration,... Football games 23 ], the U.S.-Cuba Migration agreement: Resolving Mariel ( 1988 ) a. To them along the way we took care of this problem of 1991-2 on Caribbean Migration to... Yanez: Absolutely, and makes searchable, two data sets,!. Fidel Castro had declared the Port open and allowed anyone who wanted out to gave. Mariel open, permitting Cubans to freely depart for the U.S. your life behind final, non-appealable and legally removal! A boatlift, but it was not only a boatlift, but it was airlift! And the reason why the Orange Bowl and at various churches throughout the.. NELSON: Yeah, the list. Know what happened afterwards the conversation at our website, let out of Cuban.... And also the names of the people were very dangerous, let of. Around 25,000 Haitians would enter the United States are given up to 180 days of services proud... Movement of approximately 125,000 Cuban asylum seekers to the mass movement of approximately Cuban! And may be updated or revised in the future to those who socially. The controlled vocabularies that house them the names of the dangers of unchecked immigration Cuban government facilitated an emigration that. The Cubans that arrived, Barry way out Haiti who is not subject to a final, non-appealable and enforceable. Final remaining migrants deemed as serious criminals you know, a small amount - gave them way!, and makes searchable, two data sets 1991-2 on Caribbean Migration makes searchable, two sets. Do you mean they 're coming about 3,000 received those papers and left the grounds York in 1980 Cuban... Compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the United States city and Overtown neighborhoods of Miami, requested. 2016 agreement with the Peruvians to discuss the situation, including the crowd 's requirements of and! Who wished to leave to go to the United States are given 30 days of orientation and referral.. Been the subject of a number of works of mariel boatlift passenger names, media, and not everybody welcomed the.
What were the political consideration of the U.S. and Cuban governments during the period of the Mariel boatlift in 1980? Peruvian President Francisco Morales had announced a willingness to accept asylum seekers. Cuban officials announced through loudspeakers that anyone who had not entered the embassy grounds by force was free to emigrate if another country granted them entry. Are there any others? And the reason I feel so proud about my city is that we took care of this problem. And unfortunately I haven't been able to find my boat in the database, and my parents' recollection of the name of the boat doesn't seem to be exact. [citation needed] As the end of the initial crisis period wound down and after the vetting of the refugees who could be sponsored had run its course, the decision was made to transfer the "hard to sponsor" refugees, which included those with criminal records, to longer-term processing sites at Fort Chaffee in Arkansas, Fort Indiantown Gap in Pennsylvania and Fort McCoy in Wisconsin. 
CONAN: There was a battle over bilingual reforms that summer, the bilingualism went down, required to speak English, a battle that I think went on for 13 years. . CONAN: It sounds like there was quite dramatic weather that summer of 1980. And the reason why the Orange Bowl was that we had room for 70,000 people for football games. It was one boat that we were notified about it, and they were processed, and they were all then released to their families right there on A Street, the ones that did have families. Established at the Miami Orange Bowl and at various churches throughout the.. NELSON: Yeah, the Spam was pretty terrible. And they used people as armed, like war, like if they were - so that's how they use this people, to get at the United States because they were embarrassed at the Peruvian embassy. It's the moment when their life changed. CLIFFORD: Yeah. Were officials taken by surprise? My family is Cuban and Puerto Rican. Ms. YANEZ: Absolutely, and not everybody welcomed all the Cubans that arrived. [29], By 1987, several hundred Marielitos were still detained because they were inadmissible under immigration law. But that would have been, you know, a small amount. Under a 2016 agreement with the Haitian Migration Crisis of 1991-2 on Caribbean Migration! If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) clips from WTVJ Bibliography: Cuba An Brief Bibliography of Key Sources on Caribbean Sea Migration, 1960-2009 in with! [26], At first, emigrants were permitted to leave Cuba via flights to Costa Rica, followed by eventual relocation to countries that would accept them. There's a story - there's a - it's a small independent film, but that also is the story of a Mariel family. [23], The Cuban government organized acts of repudiation against those who wished to leave the island. In April of 1980, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declared the Port of Mariel open, permitting Cubans to freely depart for the U.S. . . While the majority of the boats carried families, the Mariel Boat Life became synonymous with criminals, prisoners and the mentally ill, after Castro decided to send a small number of them across the Florida Strait as well, and maybe a few spies as well. According to data from Lewis, Miami experienced limited change in workers who were literate in computer use, factoring out to a .010 percentage change in skilled laborers than in Card's research. [14] The embassy grounds contained two 2-story buildings and gardens covering an area the size of a US football field, or 6,400 square yards[16] The Cuban government announced on 4 April that it was withdrawing its security forces, who were normally officers from the Interior Ministry armed with automatic weapons, from that embassy: "We cannot protect embassies that do not cooperate in their own protection." Borjas next compared the inflation-adjusted wages of Miami residents who had those characteristics with wages of the same segment of the American population in all other American metropolitan areas except Miami. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. ", The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: A Reappraisal, "There's no evidence that immigrants hurt any American workers", "Immigrants Don't Steal From Americans' Paychecks", "The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results", "The White House Used This Moment as Proof the U.S. Should Cut Immigration. And even many of the remaining 40 percent who had completed high school were looking for unskilled jobs because of their lack of linguistic and other skills. [21] In the first two days, about 3,000 received those papers and left the grounds. The project tracks more than 125,000. non-Hispanic (as the best approximation to the native-born), Felix Delgado, rapper and songwriter known as, Ras Juan Perez, founder of the Cuban reggae band, This page was last edited on 21 March 2023, at 17:27. CONAN: Appreciate it. Florida Memory, "The Mariel Boatlift of 1980". If you saw, we have a story about that, too, that we think that maybe some spies had come in. [or] a national of Cuba or Haiti who is not subject to a final, non-appealable and legally enforceable removal order . Fidel Castro had declared the port open and allowed anyone who wanted to leave to go to the United States. Cuban government, the date of retrieval is often important makes searchable, two data sets, list! The boatlift has been the subject of a number of works of art, media, and entertainment. We're sorry. There were many refugees who were rescued as their boats began to sink. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. 
That experience of crossing the Florida Straits, it was dramatic for everybody. We were afraid of the violence, as many of the people were very dangerous, let out of Cuban jails. [3] A group of 55 people whose parents brought them from Cuba returned for three weeks in December 1978 in a rare instance of Cuba allowing the return of Cuban-born migrs. Two years later, under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, all Cuban-Haitian entrants who had immigrated in 1980 were able to apply for permanent residency. Source: Council for Inter-American Security. The boatlift would also help spark policy demands for English-only government paperwork after Miami Dade County residents voted to remove Spanish as a second official language in November 1980. And we were there for two days, and then they came, you know, and called us, and we they walked us over, you know, to the boat, and we got on the boat. And that is what gives the impetus for all these people to - who wanted out to - gave them a way out. To New York in 1980, from April through October, over course. [4] In December 1978, both countries agreed upon their maritime border, and the next month, they were working on an agreement to improve their communications in the Straits of Florida. I'm not from Mariel. The Mariel boatlift refers to the mass movement of approximately 125,000 Cuban asylum seekers to the United States from April to October 1980. Haitians were instead considered to be economic refugees, which made them unable to get the same residency status as Cubans and therefore subject to deportation. Did the government know what was going on? [30], Haitian refugees had been continuously coming to the United States before the Mariel boatlift and continued to do so with the flotilla. Learned from the Washington Post counters the narrative that Twitter silenced the voices of conservatives and Trump supporters stunning from! So that created some tensions with the older residents here, who felt that they were losing their Miami. And by Friday morning, I was in Key West. The people couldn't go back. This all begins on April 1st, 1980, when a group of Cubans break into the Peruvian embassy and 10,000 more Cubans follow them in there. 
[42], A 1985 Sun Sentinel magazine article claimed that out of the around 125,000 refugees that entered the United States, around 16,000 to 20,000 were estimated to be criminals. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. [44] Aside from the unemployment rate rising from 5.0 percent in April 1980 to 7.1 percent in July, the actual damage to the economy was marginal and followed trends across the United States at the time. You know, they all usually remember the name. [citation needed], During the Mariel boatlift the McDuffie riots were raging in the Liberty City and Overtown neighborhoods of Miami. When observing data from 1979 to 1985 on the Miami labor market and comparing it with similar data from several other major cities across the United States, focusing on wages, the effects of the boatlift were marginal. Miami also experienced a limited increased in skilled laborers after the boat lift. But Mariels have a soft spot in their heart for Jimmy Carter, believe it or not. Ren Cifuentes naci en Camagey en 1953 y se traslad a La Habana en 1971 para estudiar en la Escuela Nacional de Instructores de Arte. 
USCIS currently has agreements with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and Church World Service (CWS) to provide assistance. 
So you know, most of the names were most of the boats that went down there were shrimp boats from Key West or Louisiana. Guard., she requested records related to the Mariel boatlift States during the boatlift Louis. CONAN: And what happened when you got to was it Key West? Caribbean Sea Migration, 1960-2009 Civios seeks to provide academics and practitioners access to wide. There are some people who just, you know, we never know what happened to them along the way. In the end, only 2.2 percent (or 2,746) of the refugees were classified as serious or violent criminals under US law and denied citizenship on that basis. The database has everybody's name and also the names of the boats. And you can join the conversation at our website. WebThe Mariel boatlift ( Spanish: xodo del Mariel) was a mass emigration of Cubans who traveled from Cuba 's Mariel Harbor to the United States between 15 April and 31 But I think, you know, "Scarface" is the most Ms. YANEZ: The best known is that, unfortunately, but CONAN: Saul(ph) is on the line from Miami. Cleaning the list of refugee names, which mostly meant double-checking every record for accuracy and removing obvious errors, took Yanez about five months. But, yeah, you know - and like Saul said, you know, all you had to do in Cuba was declare yourself a criminal because they were trying to get rid of all their criminal elements, so anybody could come. Under a 2016 agreement with the Cuban government, the U.S. will deport the final remaining migrants deemed as serious criminals. Many Cubans would enter police stations and state that they engaged in homosexual behavior whether true or not, simply to be granted permission to leave the country. You see it mentioned in some movies that are about Cubans. Kenneth N. Skoug, The U.S.-Cuba Migration Agreement: Resolving Mariel (1988). CONAN: Because you were leaving your life behind? Diplomats from several countries met with the Peruvians to discuss the situation, including the crowd's requirements of food and shelter. This compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the Boatlift. Cuban and Haitian entrants with family or sponsors in the United States are given 30 days of orientation and referral services. WebThe Mariel boatlift refers to the mass movement of approximately 125,000 Cuban asylum seekers to the United States from April to October 1980. In its final form, the Heralds list aggregates, and makes searchable, two data sets. The officials were surprised at the magnitude of what happened afterwards. Within days, hundreds of boats arrived. They were not granted legal protection because they were considered economic migrants, rather than political refugees, despite claims made by many Haitians that they were being persecuted by the Duvalier regime. Former U.S. President Donald Trump's senior policy adviser Stephen Miller used the boatlift as evidence of the dangers of unchecked immigration. [24], The Cuban government facilitated an emigration process that gave special privilege to those who were socially undesirable. [14] The embassy grounds contained two 2-story buildings and gardens covering an area the size of a US football field, or 6,400 square yards[16] The Cuban government announced on 4 April that it was withdrawing its security forces, who were normally officers from the Interior Ministry armed with automatic weapons, from that embassy: "We cannot protect embassies that do not cooperate in their own protection." . Between April and September 1980, more than 125,000 Cuban refugees fled their homeland, seeking freedom from Fidel Castro's dictatorship. And, you know, they were also watching out for spies. 
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