According to a 2017 INEGI survey, the most recent information available, 12 percent of women were illegally asked to take a pregnancy test as a prerequisite to being hired. The governments failure to enforce labor laws left workers with little recourse for violations of freedom of association, poor working conditions, and other labor provisions in states that had not yet implemented the new labor justice model. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. This practice violated federal law and restricted workers rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. January. Elsewhere, same-sex couples must petition for an injunction (amparo) to be allowed to marry. As of September 13, three municipal police officers from Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos, Jalisco, remained in pretrial detention for the killing of Giovanni Lopez. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Morelos state. As of August 16, authorities had not arrested any suspects. He fled to Israel, and the government requested that the Israeli government issue an arrest warrant and extradite him. But the 2021 midterms showed to an unprecedented degree that the criminal groups are no longer satisfied to coopt elected officials. International Child Abductions: The country is party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. In July a joint investigation by media outlets reported a leaked Pegasus list of more than 15,000 individuals as possible targets for surveillance in 2016 and 2017. Instead of using force and judicial prosecution, Lpez Obrador seeks to reduce crime in Mexico throughsocio-economic anti-crime programs, part of his overall vastly popular redistribution strategy for Mexicos many poor and marginalized. Bail is available for most crimes, except for those involving organized crime and a limited number of other offenses. U.S. government employee travel is limited to the following areas with the noted restrictions: U.S. government employees may only travel from Ciudad Juarez to Chihuahua City during daylight hours via Federal Highway 45, with stops permitted only at the Federal Police station, the Umbral del Mileniooverlook area, the border inspection station at KM 35, and the shops and restaurants on Federal Highway 45 in the town of Villa Ahumada. The most common aggressions were intimidation and harassment, followed by threats and physical attacks, according to civil society groups. In July 2021, the president proposed formally placing the National Guard under military control. This piece is part of a series titled "Nonstate armed actors and illicit economies in 2022" from Brookings'sInitiative on Nonstate Armed Actors. The Puebla state government sued the news outlet E-Consulta seven times due to its reporting. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. Elsewhere, they have to live with sharing, like the Sinaloa Cartel and Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacin (CJNG) do in the fentanyl and meth precursor hub Lzaro Crdenas. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Nuevo Leon state. In July 2020 authorities extradited Lozoya, former director of PEMEX, the state-owned petroleum company, from Spain. Share this via Printer. Map of homicides in Mexico from. Nor do reductions in murders mean other forms of violence, such as extortion, or criminal groups control over territories and people, have lessened. During the electoral process the INE received 147 complaints of gender-based political violence, a significant increase from the 47 complaints it received during the 2017-2018 electoral process. This requirement was not followed in all cases, particularly in remote areas of the country. Civil society groups claimed police routinely subjected LGBTQI+ persons to mistreatment while in custody. Journalists who asked difficult questions of government officials during press engagements received attacks via Twitter. The government continued its efforts to strengthen freedom of association protections, promote union democracy, and improve the ability of workers to bargain collectively. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. In a June International Organization for Migration survey, 20 percent of citizens and 35 percent of third-country migrants reported using a smuggler to arrive to the U.S.-Mexico border. COMARs budget increased modestly in recent years but was not commensurate with the growth in refugee claims in the country. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Baja California Sur state, which includes tourist areas in:Cabo San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo,andLa Paz. Between January and June, the commission registered that 115,534 women received attention in Justice Centers for Women throughout the country, a 19 percent increase over the same period in 2020. Institutionalized persons with disabilities often lacked adequate medical care and rehabilitation services, privacy, and clothing; they often ate, slept, and bathed in unhygienic conditions. Although 94 percent of Mexican households have television, a lack of affordable internet access left many children, especially those in low-income households or with disabilities, unable to fully participate in education. Federal labor law requires a minimum of 20 workers to form a union. Of all children, 7.1 percent, or two million, were younger than the minimum age of work or worked under conditions that violated federal labor law, such as performing hazardous work. Of the 500 legislators in the Chamber of Deputies, 250 were women, 1 percent more than after the 2018 elections. In June 2020, Mexico was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2021 to 2022. Additionally, the INE introduced quotas to promote minority representation, requiring political parties to nominate a certain number of candidates belonging to minority groups, including from indigenous, Afro-Mexican, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) communities, as well as persons with disabilities. The reforms provide workers with the right to freely elect union representatives and approve or reject collective bargaining agreements through a secret ballot process before they are registered. Administration: Authorities did not always conduct investigations into credible allegations of mistreatment. This will allow Mexico to increase its emissions while technically meeting its targets. billy koumetio height in ft The STPS is responsible for carrying out child labor inspections and refers cases of child labor to the Prosecutor Generals Office for sanctions. It might seem that 2022 is starting off with important positive news about the crime and security situation in Mexico. The Mexican governments response remains deeply troubling mostly a hope the criminals will sort it out among themselves. According to NGO Article 19, lethal attacks occurred against journalists in Sonora, including the killings of Benjamin Morales on May 3 and Ricardo Lopez Dominguez on July 22 and the disappearance of Jorge Molontzin on March 16. According to civil society groups, migrants at some detention centers faced abuse when commingled with gang members and other criminals. Mexicos foreign policy regarding human rights under the Lpez Obrador administration has been based on the principle of non-intervention. In June, Mexico criticized other countries in the region that had condemned the jailing of critics and opposition candidates in Nicaragua, saying that they were intervening in Nicaraguas internal affairs. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. Many human rights defenders called her appointment unconstitutional, saying that, as a former senior member of the presidents party, she is too close to the administration to be autonomous and apolitical. The reforms establish a four-year timeline for implementation designed to end May 1, 2023, but the government established an accelerated timeline to complete implementation by May 2022 and remained on track to meet that goal. Although the law requires entities recruiting for overseas employment to register with the STPS, there is no enforcement mechanism, and only a handful of recruiters complied. In 2019, a well-respected human rights defender was appointed to head the governments National Search Commission (CNB). In rural areas in 2019, the cause of most maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. Penalties were commensurate with other similar laws but were rarely enforced. It may exercise its power to call before the Senate government authorities who refuse to accept or enforce its recommendations. There were 600 federal labor inspectors to cover the entire country; 60 percent of state level labor authorities had fewer than 10 inspectors. Conditions in prisons and detention centers were often harsh and life threatening. Twitter users posted threats against journalists. Lozoya accused high-level politicians representing multiple parties of complicity in his corrupt acts and was acting as a states witness in trials against them. The Catholic Multimedia Center reported that criminal groups harassed priests and other religious leaders in some parts of the country and subjected them to extortion, death threats, and intimidation. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Tabasco state. Reconsider travel due to crime and kidnapping. Federal funding assisted the operation of more than 69 shelters, external attention centers, emergency houses, and transition houses. Coahuila state Exercise Increased Caution. Many teachers protested the re-opening, at the height of the third wave of reported Covid-19 deaths. Federal law prohibits discrimination against LGBTQI+ individuals. Zeron led the investigation of the case by the former criminal investigations unit in the Attorney Generals Office at the time of the students disappearances. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. The survey also reported that persons with darker skin completed 6.5 years of schooling, while those with white skin completed 10 years. InSight Crime's GameChangers 2022 looks back at the most consequential criminal stories across Latin America this year. The rate of aggression against political figures during the election cycle was on par with the 2018 election, one of the most violent political periods in recent history. Employees traveling to Manzanillo from Guadalajara must use Federal Toll Road 54D during daylight hours. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. As a result, Mexico has one of the lowest rates of Covid-19 testingand highest rates of positive test resultsin the world. Self-styled militias, sometimes fronts for rival criminal groups, other times with great proclivity to slide into many facets of criminality, persist andproliferate as the government looks on. According to the measurement, which offers a balance for 2020, the capital of Potos has a rate of 37,400 victims per 100,000 inhabitants, only below Toluca, capital of the State of Mexico, with 38,300. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. To various degrees, the criminal groups build political power by intimidating and bribing government officials, and obtain political capital with local populations by giving social handouts and organizing narco courts to arbitrate disputes. According to civil society, libel and defamation proceedings tripled from 11 cases in 2019 to 33 cases in 2020. The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. The CNDHs 2020 National Diagnostic of Penitentiary Supervision reported that state prisons were understaffed and suffered from poor sanitary conditions as well as a lack of separation between those sentenced and those awaiting trial. The survey found a majority of adults are disheartened . Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. State-level prosecutors reported investigating at least 199 cases involving child trafficking victims in 2020. According to NGOs, however, the state search committees often lacked the capacity to fulfill their mandate. While most gang-related violence is targeted, violence perpetrated by criminal organizations can affect bystanders. On August 28, approximately 500 migrants, the majority from Haiti, started a caravan from Tapachula to Mexico City to obtain expedited asylum processing. Mexican law enforcement and the military have struggled to curb crime-related violence. The elections were generally free and fair. Government authorities also reported an increase of 73 percent in online child pornography distribution during the pandemic. In 2012, the federal government established the Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, which provides bodyguards, armored cars, and panic buttons, and helps journalists temporarily relocate in response to serious threats. Following Ramos killing, Cecilia Flores, the leader of one of the search collectives in which Ramos participated, received death threats. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. Baja California state Reconsider Travel. Child Abuse: There were numerous reports of child abuse. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Keep traveling companions and family back home informed of your travel plans. By law a union may call for a strike or bargain collectively in accordance with its own statutes. Legal reforms enacted in 2017 and 2018 have been slow and ineffective in addressing torture and impunity. There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Durango state. Criminal groups target public and private passenger buses, as well as private automobiles traveling through Tamaulipas, often taking passengers and demanding ransom payments. The top destination was Cancn and the Mayan Riviera, which received 2.4 million people, according to Mexico's tourism office. Cancun is safe to visit right now. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Veracruz state. In November 2019, the Senate named Rosario Piedra Ibarra to head the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). In February the Attorney Generals Office arrested former Puebla governor Mario Marin and charged him with torturing journalist Lydia Cacho, who exposed Marin and several business leaders involvement in a child sex trafficking ring in 2005. Nuevo Leon state Exercise Increased Caution. Several outbreaks of COVID-19 resulted in multiple deaths. Informal Sector: According to INEGI informal workers represented 56 percent of total workers in the country as of the second quarter of the year. Federal law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court; however, the government sometimes failed to observe these requirements. Federal and state labor inspectorates conducted nearly 30,000 labor inspections in formally registered businesses in 2020 but did not conduct inspections in the informal sector. The law states that the principle of gender parity should be observed in the designation of cabinet members, selection of candidates for public office by every political party, and designation of members of the judiciary. The more recent map is here. Workers argued that the protectionist union holding the collective bargaining agreement pressured workers to legitimize the agreement, offered bribes, and tampered with ballots. Observers from grassroots labor rights groups, international NGOs, and multinational apparel brands reported that employers in export-oriented supply chains increasingly used hiring methods that lessened job security. U.S. government employees should avoid traveling alone, especially in remote areas. Thats not always the case. Observers noted that it also increased the likelihood of work-related illness and injury. Increased crime levels and reports of incidents lead the U.S. to review its guidance for travel to Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. 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